Understanding osteoporosis — causes, diagnosis and treatment options for SA women.
Osteoporosis means 'porous bones' — a condition where bones become weak and brittle, increasing fracture risk. It affects 1 in 3 women over 50. The drop in oestrogen after menopause accelerates bone loss significantly.
Being female, ageing, family history, low body weight, smoking, excessive alcohol, sedentary lifestyle, early menopause, long-term steroid use, and certain medical conditions (rheumatoid arthritis, coeliac disease, thyroid disorders).
Osteoporosis is often called a 'silent disease' because there are usually no symptoms until a fracture occurs. Warning signs include height loss, stooped posture, and back pain caused by vertebral fractures. Any fracture from a minor fall warrants investigation.
Bisphosphonates (alendronate, zoledronic acid) are first-line treatment. Other options include denosumab, hormone therapy, and teriparatide for severe cases. All patients need adequate calcium (1,200mg/day) and vitamin D (800–1,000 IU/day). Treatment is monitored with repeat DEXA scans every 1–2 years.