PCOS, thyroid disorders, endometriosis and other hormonal conditions affecting SA women.
PCOS affects 1 in 10 SA women. It involves hormonal imbalance, irregular periods, excess androgens and polycystic ovaries. Symptoms include irregular periods, acne, excess hair growth, weight gain and fertility issues. Management includes lifestyle changes, hormonal contraception, metformin and fertility treatment when needed.
Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) causes fatigue, weight gain, cold intolerance, constipation and depression. Hyperthyroidism causes weight loss, anxiety, palpitations and heat intolerance. Women are 5–8 times more likely than men to develop thyroid conditions. Autoimmune thyroiditis (Hashimoto's) is the most common cause.
Endometriosis occurs when uterine-like tissue grows outside the uterus, causing severe pelvic pain, heavy periods and fertility issues. Diagnosis often takes 7–10 years. Treatment includes pain management, hormonal therapy and laparoscopic surgery. Specialised endometriosis centres exist in major SA cities.
See your doctor if you experience irregular periods (cycles shorter than 21 or longer than 35 days), severe period pain, unexplained weight changes, excess hair growth or hair loss, persistent fatigue, or difficulty conceiving after 12 months (6 months if over 35).